INCISIONS VERSUS PRICKING IN HIJAMAH.

An old age concept proven by fluid mechanics in simple Physics- Poiseuille's Law

It was narrated from Ibn ‘Abbaas that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Healing is in three things: in the INCISION of the cupper, in drinking honey and in cauterizing with fire, but I forbid my ummah (nation) to use cauterization.” 

Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 5356.

It was narrated that Jaabir ibn ‘Abd-Allaah (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: I heard the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) say: “If there is anything good in your medical treatments, it is in the INCISION of the cupper, drinking honey or in touching with fire when there is certainty that this will cure the disease, but I do not like to be cauterized.”

Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 5359; Muslim, 2205

So in both of the above ahadith state incisions in hijamah and NOT prickling.

Below is the scientific evidnece of how the aperature (incison/hole) affects the mass flow rates of fluids.

Blood through the capillary bed as in our case of wet cupping therapy(Hijamah).

There are three primary factors that determine the resistance to blood flow within a single vessel: vessel diameter (or radius), vessel length, and viscosity of the blood. Of these three factors, the most important quantitatively and physiologically is vessel diameter. The reason for this is that vessel diameter changes because of contraction and relaxation of the vascular smooth muscle in the wall of the blood vessel. Furthermore, as described below, very small changes in vessel diameter lead to large changes in resistance. Vessel length does not change significantly and blood viscosity normally stays within a small range (except when hematocrit changes).

As a complete system, the amount of blood that flows through the circulatory system is in terms of the pressure difference between the arteries and the veins times the quantity referred to as the total peripheral resistance. But what about at the local level? How much blood flows through an individual blood vessel? What are the quantities that affect the rate of blood flow? This exhibit discusses a physical relation known as Poiseuille's Law which partially answers this question.

Poiseuille's Law relates the rate at which blood flows through a small blood vessel (Q) with the difference in blood pressure at the two ends (P), the radius (a) and the length (L) of the artery, and the viscosity (n) of the blood. The law is an algebraic equation,

Vessel resistance (R) is directly proportional to the length (L) of the vessel and the viscosity (η) of the blood, and inversely proportional to the radius to the fourth power (r4). Because changes in diameter and radius are directly proportional to each other (D = 2r; therefore D∝r), diameter can be substituted for radius in the following expression.

REFER TO DIAGRAM for the formula.

Therefore, a vessel having twice the length of another vessel (and each having the same radius) will have twice the resistance to flow. Similarly, if the viscosity of the blood increases 2-fold, the resistance to flow will increase 2-fold. In contrast, an increase in radius will reduce resistance. Furthermore, the change in radius alters resistance to the fourth power of the change in radius. For example, a 2-fold increase in radius decreases resistance by 16-fold! Therefore, vessel resistance is exquisitely sensitive to changes in radius.

This relationship (Poiseuille's equation) was first described by the 19th century French physician Poiseuille. It is a description of how flow is related to perfusion pressure, radius, length, and viscosity. The full equation contains a constant of integration and pi, which are not included in the above proportionality.

In the body, however, flow does not conform exactly to this relationship because this relationship assumes long, straight tubes (blood vessels), a Newtonian fluid (e.g., water, not blood which is non-Newtonian), and steady, laminar flow conditions.  Nevertheless, the relationship clearly shows the dominant influence of vessel radius on resistance and flow and therefore serves as an important concept to understand how physiological (e.g., vascular tone) and pathological (e.g., vascular stenosis) changes in vessel radius affect pressure and flow, and how changes in heart valve orifice size (e.g., in valvular stenosis) affect flow and pressure gradients across heart valves.

Although the above discussion is directed toward blood vessels, the factors that determine resistance across a heart valve are the same as described above except that length becomes insignificant because path of blood flow across a valve is extremely short compared to a blood vessel.  Therefore, when resistance to flow is described for heart valves, the primary factors considered are radius and blood viscosity.

Again Subhaan Allah....It can be scientifically evaluated and proven what the prophet mentioned over 1400 years ago in terms of hijamah was absolutely correct..The density of blood stasis will not allow free mass flow of toxins through a small aperture(hole/prick)..For this material to flow at a constant rate a greater aperture is required hence the prophets recommendation of INCISIONS on the epidermis.

Kindly refer to the diagrams of this phenomenon.